The S-300 (NATO code: SA-10 Grumble) is the Soviet, and currently Russian, surface-to-air air defense and ballistic anti-ballistic system. Design works on this system probably started in 1967, but production started only in 1975, probably continuing with breaks until 2011. In the case of the early versions of the S-300P system, the projectile (effector) is, for example, the 5W55R, with a range of 75 kilometers, a maximum ceiling of 25,000 meters, and the mass of the warhead does not exceed 133 kilograms.
The S-300 is essentially a whole family of anti-aircraft and ballistic defense systems, which was developed by the Almaz-Antiej works, but often in close cooperation with other entities, e.g. Zakłady Mechaniczne im. Kalinina or the Mariinsky Machine Factory. Initially, the system was dedicated to destroying enemy air targets and tactical missiles, but over time, it began to develop its ability to combat ballistic missiles. The system is dedicated primarily to providing air defense to own cities, administrative centers, military bases and airports. Many development versions of this system were created in the course of production. For example, the version of the S-300W system (also called Antiej-250 and Antiej -3000) is designed to fight enemy aircraft and its tactical missiles (e.g. MGM-52 Lance or Pershing II), and its range in the latest versions reaches 200 kilometers. In turn, the version of the S-300P system is dedicated primarily to destroying enemy aircraft and helicopters, with a maximum range of 200 kilometers.